# Credits Checklists and references used for the family and species lists, the taxonomy those names follow, and credit for photographs, recordings, and this site. ## Data sources - [Birda SABAP2 Kruger checklist](https://birda.org/kruger-national-park-birding-checklist/) Primary filter for families and species that regularly occur in Kruger. SABAP2 observation counts separate residents, regular migrants, and regular visitors from rare and accidental records. The checklist cites the GBIF occurrence download linked here. Also: [GBIF occurrence download](https://doi.org/10.15468/dl.9k98vu). Licence unknown. - [BirdLife South Africa Checklist of Birds in South Africa 2026](https://birdlife.org.za/resource/birdlife-south-africa-checklist-of-birds-in-south-africa/) Official national list. Scientific names, English names, Afrikaans species names, and vagrant status come from this checklist. Also: [2026 PDF](https://birdlife.org.za/wp-content/uploads/BLSA-Checklist-2026-v3.pdf). Licence unknown. - [SANParks Kruger birds checklist](https://www.sanparks.org/parks/kruger/explore/fauna-flora/birds/checklist) Park checklist, cited as 546 species. Used as context for which birds are treated as regular in Kruger. It did not supply the master species list. Licence unknown. - [Avibase — Kruger National Park](https://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/checklist.jsp?region=ZA000003) Family-ordered checklist used as a cross-check. The default taxonomy there is Clements, with an IOC option. It informed borderline regular-versus-vagrant judgement and was not the master list. Licence unknown. - [Wikipedia — List of birds of South Africa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_birds_of_South_Africa) Cross-check of family structure. The page is arranged on Clements and notes BirdLife South Africa status. The licence below is the licence of the Wikipedia text. Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). - [Waterberg Bioquest — Voëls](http://www.waterberg-bioquest.co.za/voels.html) Afrikaans family headings. Waterberg is outside Kruger. A heading was used only where a stable southern African family name could be verified. Species Afrikaans names were not taken from this page. Licence unknown. ## Taxonomy **IOC / BirdLife South Africa.** Scientific names, English names, and family placement follow the IOC World Bird List as adopted by the BirdLife South Africa Checklist of Birds in South Africa 2026. Afrikaans species names come from that checklist. Afrikaans family headings come from Waterberg Bioquest only where a stable heading could be verified, and are left blank otherwise. ## Photographs, recordings, and population sources ### [Lilac-breasted Roller](/species/coracias-caudatus) (_Coracias caudatus_) #### Photographs - Author: Diego Delso. Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Source: [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Carraca_lila_(Coracias_caudata),_parque_nacional_Kruger,_Sud%C3%A1frica,_2018-07-26,_DD_17.jpg](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Carraca_lila_(Coracias_caudata),_parque_nacional_Kruger,_Sud%C3%A1frica,_2018-07-26,_DD_17.jpg). - Author: Charles J. Sharp. Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Source: [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Lilac-breasted_roller_(Coracias_caudatus)_Kruger.jpg](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Lilac-breasted_roller_(Coracias_caudatus)_Kruger.jpg). - Author: Giles Laurent. Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Source: [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:005_Lilac-breasted_roller_in_flight_in_Etosha_National_Park_Photo_by_Giles_Laurent.jpg](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:005_Lilac-breasted_roller_in_flight_in_Etosha_National_Park_Photo_by_Giles_Laurent.jpg). - Author: Giles Laurent. Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Source: [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:148_Lilac-breasted_roller_landing_in_Etosha_National_Park_Photo_by_Giles_Laurent.jpg](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:148_Lilac-breasted_roller_landing_in_Etosha_National_Park_Photo_by_Giles_Laurent.jpg). #### Recordings - Call. Author: Nick Talbot. Licence: [CC BY-NC-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/). Source: [https://xeno-canto.org/949678](https://xeno-canto.org/949678). #### Sources - [Birds of Kruger National Park – a checklist](https://birda.org/kruger-national-park-birding-checklist/). Birda. 2026 - [Lilac-breasted Roller species factsheet](https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/lilac-breasted-roller-coracias-caudatus). BirdLife International. 2024 - [Birds checklist – Kruger National Park](https://www.sanparks.org/parks/kruger/explore/fauna-flora/birds/checklist). SANParks - [Lilac-breasted roller](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lilac-breasted_roller). Wikipedia. 2026 - [Lilac-breasted Roller](https://newmansbirds.com/birds/lilac-breasted-roller/). Newman's Birds - [Lilac Breasted Roller](https://www.krugerpark.co.za/africa_lilac_breasted_roller.html). Kruger Park - [Coracias caudatus (Lilac-breasted roller)](https://www.biodiversityexplorer.info/birds/coraciidae/coracias_caudatus.htm). Biodiversity Explorer - [Web-sourced photographic methods reveal dietary composition and shifts in resident and migrant Coracias rollers in southern Africa](https://doi.org/10.15641/bo.1227). Biodiversity Observations. 2023 ### [European Roller](/species/coracias-garrulus) (_Coracias garrulus_) #### Photographs - Author: Bouke ten Cate. Licence: [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Source: [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Scharrelaar_-_European_roller_-_Coracias_garrulus.jpg](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Scharrelaar_-_European_roller_-_Coracias_garrulus.jpg). - Author: Charles J. Sharp. Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Source: [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:European_roller_(Coracias_garrulus)_in_flight.jpg](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:European_roller_(Coracias_garrulus)_in_flight.jpg). #### Recordings - Call. Author: paulo kivuyo. Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Source: [https://xeno-canto.org/634335](https://xeno-canto.org/634335). #### Sources - [Birds of Kruger National Park – a checklist](https://birda.org/kruger-national-park-birding-checklist/). Birda. 2026 - [European Roller species factsheet](https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/european-roller-coracias-garrulus). BirdLife International. 2019 - [European Roller. The atlas of southern African birds](https://sabap2.adu.org.za/docs/sabap1/446.pdf). Avian Demography Unit. 1997 - [Birds checklist – Kruger National Park](https://www.sanparks.org/parks/kruger/explore/fauna-flora/birds/checklist). SANParks - [European roller](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_roller). Wikipedia. 2026 - [European Roller](https://newmansbirds.com/birds/european-roller/). Newman's Birds - [Coracias garrulus (European roller)](https://www.biodiversityexplorer.info/birds/coraciidae/coracias_garrulus.htm). Biodiversity Explorer - [Web-sourced photographic methods reveal dietary composition and shifts in resident and migrant Coracias rollers in southern Africa](https://doi.org/10.15641/bo.1227). Biodiversity Observations. 2023 ### [Purple Roller](/species/coracias-naevius) (_Coracias naevius_) #### Photographs - Author: Charles J. Sharp. Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Source: [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Purple_roller_(Coracias_naevius_mosambicus)_Kruger.jpg](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Purple_roller_(Coracias_naevius_mosambicus)_Kruger.jpg). - Author: Giles Laurent. Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Source: [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:150_Purple_roller_in_Etosha_National_Park_Photo_by_Giles_Laurent.jpg](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:150_Purple_roller_in_Etosha_National_Park_Photo_by_Giles_Laurent.jpg). - Author: Giles Laurent. Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Source: [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:151_Purple_roller_in_flight_in_Etosha_National_Park_Photo_by_Giles_Laurent.jpg](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:151_Purple_roller_in_flight_in_Etosha_National_Park_Photo_by_Giles_Laurent.jpg). #### Recordings - Call. Author: Tony Archer. Licence: [CC BY-NC-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/). Source: [https://xeno-canto.org/715786](https://xeno-canto.org/715786). #### Sources - [Birds of Kruger National Park – a checklist](https://birda.org/kruger-national-park-birding-checklist/). Birda. 2026 - [Purple Roller. The atlas of southern African birds](https://sabap2.adu.org.za/docs/sabap1/449.pdf). Avian Demography Unit. 1997 - [Birds checklist – Kruger National Park](https://www.sanparks.org/parks/kruger/explore/fauna-flora/birds/checklist). SANParks - [Purple roller](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Purple_roller). Wikipedia. 2026 - [Purple Roller](https://newmansbirds.com/birds/purple-roller/). Newman's Birds - [Coracias naevius (Purple roller)](https://www.biodiversityexplorer.info/birds/coraciidae/coracias_naevius.htm). Biodiversity Explorer ### [Racket-tailed Roller](/species/coracias-spatulatus) (_Coracias spatulatus_) #### Photographs - Author: Ltshears. Licence: [CC BY-SA 3.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/). Source: [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Racquet-tailed_Roller.jpg](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Racquet-tailed_Roller.jpg). - Author: Brian Ralphs. Licence: [CC BY 2.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/). Source: [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Coracias_spatulatus,_southern_Mozambique_1.jpg](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Coracias_spatulatus,_southern_Mozambique_1.jpg). #### Recordings - Call. Author: Stephen Lowe. Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Source: [https://xeno-canto.org/660428](https://xeno-canto.org/660428). #### Sources - [Birds of Kruger National Park – a checklist](https://birda.org/kruger-national-park-birding-checklist/). Birda. 2026 - [Racket-tailed Roller. The atlas of southern African birds](https://sabap2.adu.org.za/docs/sabap1/448.pdf). Avian Demography Unit. 1997 - [Racket-tailed roller](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Racket-tailed_roller). Wikipedia. 2026 - [Birds checklist – Kruger National Park](https://www.sanparks.org/parks/kruger/explore/fauna-flora/birds/checklist). SANParks - [Racket-tailed Roller](https://newmansbirds.com/birds/racket-tailed-roller/). Newman's Birds - [Coracias spatulatus (Racket-tailed roller)](https://www.biodiversityexplorer.info/birds/coraciidae/coracias_spatulatus.htm). Biodiversity Explorer ### [Broad-billed Roller](/species/eurystomus-glaucurus) (_Eurystomus glaucurus_) #### Photographs - Author: Derek Keats. Licence: [CC BY 2.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/). Source: [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Broad-billed_roller,_Kruger_National_park_(38184851631).jpg](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Broad-billed_roller,_Kruger_National_park_(38184851631).jpg). - Author: Bernard DUPONT. Licence: [CC BY-SA 2.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0/). Source: [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Broad-billed_Roller_(Eurystomus_glaucurus)_(11924537795).jpg](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Broad-billed_Roller_(Eurystomus_glaucurus)_(11924537795).jpg). #### Recordings - Call. Author: Dries Van de Loock. Licence: [CC BY-NC-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/). Source: [https://xeno-canto.org/745582](https://xeno-canto.org/745582). #### Sources - [Birds of Kruger National Park – a checklist](https://birda.org/kruger-national-park-birding-checklist/). Birda. 2026 - [Broad-billed Roller species factsheet](https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/broad-billed-roller-eurystomus-glaucurus). BirdLife International. 2024 - [Birds checklist – Kruger National Park](https://www.sanparks.org/parks/kruger/explore/fauna-flora/birds/checklist). SANParks - [Broad-billed roller](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broad-billed_roller). Wikipedia. 2026 - [Broad-billed Roller](https://newmansbirds.com/birds/broad-billed-roller/). Newman's Birds - [Broad-billed Roller. The atlas of southern African birds](https://sabap2.adu.org.za/docs/sabap1/450.pdf). Avian Demography Unit. 1997 - [Eurystomus glaucurus (Broad-billed roller)](https://www.biodiversityexplorer.info/birds/coraciidae/eurystomus_glaucurus.htm). Biodiversity Explorer ## This site KNP Birds is open source under the [Apache License 2.0](https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0) licence. The code is at [https://github.com/ftruter/KNP-birds](https://github.com/ftruter/KNP-birds). Built and maintained by [ftruter](https://github.com/ftruter). The green and gold are inspired by the SANParks green and the Springbok gold. The palette is colour inspiration only, with no implied endorsement. This site isn't affiliated with SANParks. Photographs and recordings keep their own licences. They are not covered by the Apache-2.0 licence of this code. The site is non-commercial: it has no ads, no subscriptions, and no paywall. --- Also available as [HTML](/credits) and [JSON](/credits.json).